Ok here is my theory. Its more like a half educated guess though, so bear with me. The glyphs on the stargate are like a directory for the sky. Each heiroglyph symbolises a constellation, or region, (similar to constellations/regions like taurus or scorpio) and by using a combonation of seven you can pinpoint a point in the sky, which is where the established wormhole would lead to. However, due to an expanding universe and millenia of stellar drift, planets will have shifted away from the original stargate "address", so you need to compensate for that. I would guess that by using Hubble's constant and spectroscopy to determine redshift, you could revise the addresses and work out the new constellations, (most probably only changing the 6th chevron) and thus get a new workable address for the planet.
In a computerised system like the SGC would have, a model would be set up of the milky way with all constellations recognised and determined, with the corresponding glyph or glyph sequence, and using data from telescopic observation of red shift, it could calculate the distances and match to the region of a constellation nearby.
Anyone else got any ideas, thats just my train of thought.