Oh, I quite liked the book - it isn't what I'd call enjoyable though. And that isn't a bad thing by any means. In a literary world overrun by sensual, seductive vampires it was a blessed relief to see them shown as the creepy bloodsuckers they were meant to be, albeit with a scientific basis of some sort for their condition.
Nevermind all that.
If Matheson's The Shrinking Man put some in mind of Kafka's Metamorphosis, this book reminded me most of Allbert Camus' The Outsider. In both, the protagonist pays the ulitmate price for being different from the dominant society around him. I'll venture a bit further to say that Neville's experiences in the book are analogous to those of everyone who attempts to follow a path off the mainstream. I've spent many restless evenings with the windows boarded up and the music up loud to drown out the endless cries and entreaties to 'come out, Neville'.
Of course, I do not mean to suggest that Matheson meant this book as an allegory for the plight of an outsider in society. But it does relate quite well. In today's increasinly consumerisitic (vampiric?) and standardised society, indeed, in any society that has ceased to value originality and diversity, the non-conformist, whether by conviction or nature, cannot help but feel at times like 'anathema and black terror to be destroyed'.
As a book I found it commendably economically written. The beginning is the hardest part, with its slow tracking through the minute details of another night in Neville's lonely citadel. The passages in which his memories of the death of his wife are explored are emotionally painful, as they should be. Neville's faltering quest to understand the vampire bacteria, his relapses into drunken despair, his alternating euphoria and frustration at possibly finding a dog who can be his companion in this terribly lonely state, all ring true in many ways and are depicted in a clear, non-superfluous prose that is a Matheson trademark, apparently.
But finally, I think the book's real message, for me at least, is that 'good and evil' is rarely anything more than a layering of social obfuscation over 'us and them'. By the end, it is 'them' who are the majority, and therefore 'good'. Sounds familiar, doesn't it?