Clark Ashton Smith

Brian G Turner

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Another golden age author here - the name is very familiar, but I'm not able to put any stories to the name. Although I have a list of books by him, I'm uncertain of the themes of his writing, and also what sort of influence he may have had.

Can anyone please satiate my curiosity? :)
 
The hooded-one flatters me with his assessment.

CAS wrote very description-centred pieces with a wealth of language in them, that dealt with verbal images more than character. He had a brilliant imagination and created some fascinating stories where the horror, or plot-punch, or whatever, was often something uncertain and menacing for the fact that it existed, and not the number of teeth it had. He considered himself primarily a poet, and so his works reflect the language aspect of his writing the most. He has a very laconic, honeyed turn of phrase that makes everything seem very rich and vivid like dyed silk. I havemn't actually read that many of his stories, but I'd definitely recommend buying the "Lost Worlds" anthologies.
 
Do I recall his name from a volume of work of writers writing stories based in the Cthulhu Mythos? I know august Derleth and Brian Lumley were there - I also have a sneaking suspicion that Clark Ashton Smith was, too. Darn it, where did my copy of that go?
 
On the idea of Smith contributing to the Mythos... that's something of a thorny one. He invented Tsathoggua in his story "The Tale of Satampra Zeiros", a rather deft blending of irony, horror, and outright comedy. Lovecraft was so taken with the creation that he inserted it into both the revision he was working on at the time for Zealia Reed Bishop ("The Mound"), as well as in his "The Whisperer in Darkness", which I believe saw print before Smith's original story did. Smith did occasionally add quotations from the Necronomicon, but did little else to add to the Mythos proper; he had his own mythology he developed in several stories, which could be said to be marginally related to what Lovecraft was doing, but they were entirely Smith's own.

Smith was primarily a poet -- he began that way, and garnered praise from such figures as George Sterling and Ambrose Bierce, among others; and he continued to write vivid, quite exceptional poetry throughout his life. The stories were often a way to bring in money for him to take care of his ailing parents and, once they died, the story-writing almost stopped for many years, with one or two brief spurts of activity thereafter. But in those years where he was writing stories, he wrote some of the most lapidary prose you'll ever encounter; at times that seems at odds with the stories he's telling, but in most cases it works very well, adding that "distancing" effect, as well as allowing more more elusive, ethereal ideals, imagery, and emotions... see, for example, "A Night in Malneant", "Sadastor", or any of his prose-poems, such as "The Shadows" or "From the Crypts of Memory".

He was very precise in his choice of words, for he brought the sensibility of a fine poet to the writing of his prose as well; and when he used an obscure word, it was for a specific reason. Emperor of Dreams, a volume in the Fantasy Masterworks, collects together a sizable selection of his stories from throughout his career, while Night Shade Books is putting out a 5-volume set of his complete fantasies in critical editions, and Hippocampus Press is putting out a 3-volume set of his complete poetry. (In fact, his translation of Baudelaire's Le fleurs du mal is one of the more highly-prized ones; his translations from other poets are also well worth reading.) Somewhere around here is a copy of his "Medusa", which is a very good example of his poetry ... powerful stuff; it contains one of my own favorite phrases from poetry: "Time caught in meshes of Eternity"....

Smith is not for everyone, with his jewelled prose, his often poetic cadences and rhythms, and his tendency to both a rather vicious, mordant irony and depictions of decadent societies that are surprisingly modern, in some ways, but I highly recommend his work to anyone who enjoyed a truly unique voice.

As for his influence: he certainly influenced Bradbury, Vance, Moorcock, Leiber, and Moore, to varying degrees; and Harlan Ellison makes no bones as to his debt to Smith. He has also influenced others as well, not so illustrious (Lin Carter, for example). He was never as popular as Lovecraft or Howard, but his influence continues to be felt, especially as he's been rediscovered off and on by the younger writers of the past 30-40 years.
 
I loved Smith's stories but I know someone who thought his prose was "boastful". Like he was just showing off.
 
I loved Smith's stories but I know someone who thought his prose was "boastful". Like he was just showing off.

Yes, I know Asimov was of that view. However, I'd say, from reading his letters and notebooks and such, this was simply the way CAS wrote, and even talked, to a great degree; just as those who knew HPL have said that he talked exactly the way he tended to write in his letters, with precision, erudition, and a vocabulary that would be the envy of anyone who truly loves words. (Or, has been said, when he spoke, "it was like a dictionary falling open and talking at you".) Nor did either of them have to pause for the correct words... these were everyday words for them; they just spoke (and wrote) with extreme precision for exactly the nuance they were attempting to convey -- an extremely rare thing, I'd say.
 
Glad you like his work, Blue Tyson... he was definitely a unique voice. Don't know how you are about poetry (it's interesting to me how, until the beginning of the twentieth century, poetry was so popular with all types of readers, but even the most traditional poetry is so often disregarded now), but there's an excellent selection of his best fantastic poetry available and, as I mentioned elsewhere, a complete 3-volume set of his poetry is forthcoming. For sheer beauty and imaginative power, I highly recommend it....
 
He's namechecked at the beginning of 'Nova'

From Wikipedia's Exploration of 'Nova'

There is also a strong similarity in names between the scientist, Ashton Clark, who, in Nova, has invented the cyborg plugs and sockets centuries before, which pervade the novel, and the name of the fantasy and science fiction writer from the 'thirties and 'forties, Clark Ashton Smith.
 
From Wikipedia's Exploration of 'Nova'

There is also a strong similarity in names between the scientist, Ashton Clark, who, in Nova, has invented the cyborg plugs and sockets centuries before, which pervade the novel, and the name of the fantasy and science fiction writer from the 'thirties and 'forties, Clark Ashton Smith.

That would make sense, considering CAS's penchant for melding various types of organisms together via some form of "surgery" -- be it sorcerous or otherwise -- usually to enhance the strangeness and decadence of the milieu he was depicting... and to increase its "picturesqueness". (Think of the Maze of Maal Dweb" for example.)
 
I read "The Tale of Satampra Zeiros" (celebrated as the debut of Tsathoggua, or anyway of its idol); I would have read it before, in the early Seventies, but I didn't remember it upon revisiting it just now. It is an example of a type of story common in the weird fiction-imaginary world genre -- I mean, who of us has not only not read, but has not written, a story of attempted theft from an ancient temple -- ghastly consequences ensuing for the would-be burglar? There must be dozens or hundreds of these in print, and more in the files of unpublished fan fiction. In my case it was called "Teloktek's Eyes." Thief rows boat to abandoned (ho! ho!) temple; steals rare stone from bird-idol's eye-socket; out in boat, "stone" hatches; curtain falls, with implication that hatchee was ready for immediate carnage. I thought Smith's temple-guardian was clever, particularly when it oozes in separate streams through gaps in wall and then reunites. It is possible that a very distant memory of this scene influenced something in my so-far-not-quite-finished-let-alone-published Ash Lad. Perhaps there was a teensy bit of Ashton Smith to thank there.
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Then I read "The Last Incantation," which departed from Wikipedia's generalization (which I think is probably true) about Smith's stories: "his weird fiction is generally macabre in subject matter, gloatingly preoccupied with images of death, decay and abnormality." The story is about disenchantment. As such it reminded me of a good, though obscure, essay by C. S. Lewis, called "Talking of Bicycles." The essay suggests a fourfold experience:

1.unenchanted
2.enchanted
3.disenchanted
4.re-enchanted

One of the examples, the one most pertinent for the Smith story, deals with romantic love.

1.In the unenchanted state, a boy (the example given is of a male) is not yet interested in girls.
2.The lad falls in love with a girl.
3.Married to her, he comes to see that the woman is not the radiant being that he perceived when they both were younger.

That's about where Smith's story stops (of course, Malygris never married Nylissa; his disenchantment comes after he brings her back from the dead and soon is disappointed in her) and where many stories and, I suppose, many people's experience, stop.

However, a further stage is possible:

4."'[T]here comes a time when you look back on that first mirage, and yet, seeing all the things that have come out of it, things the boy and girl could never have dreamed of, and feeling also that to remember it is, in a sense, to bring it back in reality, so that under all the other experiences it is still there like a shell lying at the bottom of a clear, deep pool -- and that nothing would have happened at all without it -- so that even when it was least true it was telling you important truths in the only form you could then understand -- '" etc.

Lewis also suggests that there's a difference between genuine disenchantment, which can be worth reading about, and unenchantment that falsely presents itself as disenchantment, which is a waste of time to read. "'Has the writer been through the Enchantment and come out on the bleak highlands, or is he simply a subman who is free from the love mirage as a dog is free....?'"

By the way, but this is irrelevant for Smith's story -- Lewis also suggests it's important to be able to distinguish between enchantment and re-enchantment. "'The war poetry of Homer or The Battle of Maldon, for example, is Re-enchantment. You see in every line that the poet knows, quite as well as any modern, the horrible thing he is writing about. He celebrates heroism but he has paid the proper price for doing son. he sees the horror and yet sees also the glory.'"
 
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There is something missing here when it comes to Smith's story: it isn't that he is disenchanted with her, but with his perception of her. He himself is no longer the young, romantic, perhaps idealistic person he was when he adored her; instead, he has become old, bitter, cynical, and hardened. In attempting to reestablish that earlier Malygris, he finds he no longer has the ability to see things without that bitterness and cynicism; he will always be condemned to miss beauty because of the tarnish of his own spirit.

This is something quite common in Smith; a sense of irony at one's own foibles and foolishness, and a seeming inability to follow our better sense or better nature. "The Tale of Satampra Zeiros", for instance, is told in a deliberately mocking style just this side of outright satire, whereas "The Weird of Avoosl Wuthoqquan" steps over that line into near-burlesque, and "The Monster of the Prophecy" is bitingly satirical from beginning to end... not only about the meaning of the title, but on the subject of pulp horror or "scientifiction" stories, politics, idealism, religion, and the meddling in other people's affairs.

I would say that the Wiki view is limited, to say the least. While there is certainly no dearth of such images, they are (with some exceptions) most often informed with a strong element of that romantic irony which one sees, for instance, in some of Poe, such "Metzengerstein", "Berenice", etc. Smith was a person with an intensely wry sort of humor, something which began showing as early as his juvenile "Oriental tales", such as The Black Diamonds, The Sword of Zagan, "The Malay Krise", "The Ghost of Mohammed Din", etc., and this remains a major element of his fiction and poetry throughout nearly the entirety of his life.

Which isn't to say that he doesn't also deal with the pain of loss, or sadness, wistful feelings, and so on -- he does those quite well, in fact -- but that his work is a much more nuanced sort of thing than either "mere" horror or adventure fantasy of a particularly perverse nature....
 
I suppose an assessment of what happens vis-a-vis Maygris and Nylissa depends on how one reads the long paragraph beginning "'Yes, I am Nylissa,'" as well as upon the words of the viper that finish the story.

What a tribute to Smith (and what nudges for reading in other authors):

---Larry Fischer: There are millions of books in the world but only twenty-four hours in the day. Why should someone read Clark Ashton Smith?



Dr W. C. Farmer: While there are many books there are few that readers return to again and again. For myself, I re-read Tolkien and Lewis and George MacDonald, T.E. Lawrence, and all of Kazantzakis, Spencer, Milton, Shakespeare — and Smith. Where wisdom and beauty, charm and wit are found, and where I, as I grow in age and experience, also change, certain writers call one back again and again and something new is discovered, and we also find that the well as we originally drank from it, has not become muddied — that is, our first love, in its innocence, is still rewarded.---

http://www.eldritchdark.com/articles/biographies/4/master-cas:-clark-ashton-smith-remembered


I read "A Voyage to Sfanomoë." It had a sort of charm I haven't associated with Smith's fiction. It was interesting that the two protagonists are brothers. (Smith was an only child, if I'm not mistaken.)

 
...Of course, Fischer said Spenser -- author of The Faerie Queene, "Epithalamion," etc.
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And Smith, too, was quite fond of Spenser, as I recall. Certainly, he was very well read in the older poetic traditions (though having little use for much of the moderns). He himself had been labeled as something of an American Keats with his early published verse, and I don't think it is stretching things very much, either. (His later verse didn't show a falling-off, but it suffered, as far as critical acclaim is concerned, from the almost wholesale rejection of earlier forms in favor of the Modernist movement.)

I agree with Dr. Farmer, with a few reservations.* One of the things I so like about Smith is the complex interweaving of various emotions in his work -- a strong poetic sensibility in much of his prose which makes the reading much more than the actual incidents of the tale -- and therefore very much a fresh experience each time I visit it.

*Most of these exceptions are in his "interplanetary" tales written for the sf markets -- though not all of those are of a lower order, either; some are quite good -- and a few of his tales of outright grue. In nearly all these instances, they were written very much for desperately-needed money to support his aged and very sickly parents. Even so, several of these also have some very interesting aspects.
 

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