Hi,
Hybrids basically refer to those who both self publish and have trade publishing deals. Usually they are those who started out with a trade deal and were either dissatisfied with it and switched to indie for their new works, or those (and this is a smaller but growing group) who started indie and were picked up by an agent. So their stable of books is a mixture. I'm not aware of any who have their books split along the lines of print by trade publishers and ebook by themselves, but that could happen. It would seem unutterably foolish from the publisher's perspective to only want some of the publishing rights but it could happen.
In the survey mentioned, they looked at median incomes of authors in the three groups (Note median not average which is often a better representation when you have a distribution skewed by a few extreme outliers), and found that the media indie earns less than 5k per anum from his writing. The median trade published author earns between 5 and 10k per anum. And the median hybrid author between 10 and 15k per anum.
Take home messages are that most writers (deal or no deal to quote a show!) don't earn a living wage. What else is new! I was peronally surprised that the figure was so low for trade published authors, but there you have it. The other message was that hybrids do the best of all - I'm guessing because many of them are established authors indie publishing their back catalogues and so have more books to fall back on and a name.
However all of these surveys are flawed. They depend on self reporting, which a lot of people refuse to do. And they are skewed by all sorts of factors.
The biggest reason that the median indie figure is so low is that a vast chunk of indies publish books that never sell at all for many reasons. They aren't ready for sale, they aren't in topics that people would want to read, they have poor covers and poor editing, they're really just ego trips or personal crusades in disguise, they aren't marketed, and often enough there is no particular incentive on the part of the indie to sell them etc etc.
My thought is that the median trade publishing income is so low is due mostly to the slow turn arounds of publishers. I put out seven books this year, I can't think of one trade published author who could do the same because they are slowed down at every stage of the publishing process. So if you only get out one book a year and your advance is small - 5 or 10 k you get an inevitable income reduction. Also I doubt the likes of Stephen King would be willing to specify just how much they make from their sales. Indies are probably more open about these things in my view.
(As an aside if the big six (five?) were ever to get serious about making more money for their authors (and keeping market share for themselves) and fighting the battle against indies, they'd massively speed up their turnarounds, publish damned near everything they could by their stable of authors - in ebook format first and if it sells, later in print.
If they did they'd be dangerous. But as it is even I, an indie with only a modest skill set and no real marketing desire or effort, am earning as much as if not more than their average trade published author.)
And therein lies the strength of the indie. Most indies can, if they're willing to do the extra work and edit and cover design, can make some money. If that happens, expect those survey results to change fast with trade published authors being at the bottom.
Cheers, Greg.