One of the most famous anthologies of all time is
Adventures in Time and Space, aka
Famous Science Fiction Stories, edited by Healy and McComas. Another is part of a set of four big Crown anthologies edited by Groff Conklin
: The Best of Science Fiction, aka
The Golden Age of Science Fiction. A slightly later one is the pair of
A Treasury of Great Science Fiction, edited by Boucher. All of these deal with basically 40s and 50s SF. For newer SF, I don't know of any as definitive and generally well-received. Perhaps some of the bugcrushers from Dozois or Hartwell, such as
The Good Stuff (in "Old" and "New" versions, as well as combined) or the various "Renaissance/Ascent/whatever" books, like
The Hard SF Renaissance might be okay. The Nebula series, edited by various, and the Hugo series, originally presented by Isaac Asimov, were superb until the 80s/90s, being composed of award-winning fiction. A great resource is all
the various annual "best sf" anthologies which cover all but the earliest SF from 1939 to the present.
Probably all these and many more would be on
this thread after the first couple of posts, which deal with collections rather than anthologies.