Hay Festival started when a local actor (known as Flo, as his surname was Florence) decided it would be a good idea to invite some of his old friends to chat to an audience in a tent in a field for a weekend. Now the Festival is run by his son, Peter Florence, and there are "Hay Festivals" all over the world! The original one in Hay now has a site on the edge of town, and the Festival runs for ten days around the end of May every year.
Richard Booth started the idea of a Book Town, back in the 1960s, and declared himself King of Hay, and Hay an independent kingdom between England and Wales, on April Fool's Day 1977. He's retired now, but still has an interest in a small shop in Castle Street called The King of Hay, where you can still buy Hay Passports!
The Timbuktu thing started when the Mayor of Timbuktu held a competition to be their twin town in the UK. One of our local booksellers entered the competition, and we got to the final along with York and Glastonbury. Then the Mayor and entourage came to the UK and stayed at each town - and they liked Hay best! The link, apart from us lying on the same line of longitude, is books. Timbuktu has a huge library of Islamic books and scrolls, and one of the chaps who visited Hay conserves manuscripts during the week and is a Tuareg chieftain at weekends! When Islamic fundamentalists took over the city and threatened to destroy the manuscripts, some were hidden in the desert to save them.
I count myself very lucky to live in Hay, and to work in one of the bookshops.