It's been a while since I read them, but Nancy Kress wrote the Greentrees duology, and the Probability trilogy, both of which go into the biology of the alien planets, and the inhabitants. Kress tends to write harder sf than most, with a side helping of space opera. Her name was my first thought when talking about the biology of planets and aliens.
Becky Chambers goes lightly into the biology, and a little more into the socio-bological aspects, of alien species encountered in the Wayfarers books. However, she doesn't go into much depth, concentrating more on social aspects. On the positive side, her mother's a NASA science educator, so you'd like to think she picked up some ideas.
Nnedi Okorafor also has alien biology in the Binti books, but again it's less looking at the biology, and more at other aspects, such as the results of differing biological sets coming together. And, much as I think they're brilliant, there's a fair bit of handwavium involved, so it might not be what you're looking for.
All three of those, and the works suggested are from the last 21 years, with Chambers and Okorafor writing in the last decade.
Of course, the two classic authors I'd suggest would be Arthur C Clarke, not always a great writer, but good for the flights of fancy, or jumps in intuition, needed to imagine what a different biology would mean in real terms for the aliens themselves; and Ursula K Le Guin, who wrote a lot of sociological sf, but that included examining what a society would be like shaped by X planet's biology, and how their culture would have developed. Both authors wrote quite an array of fiction, some of which might be what you're looking for, whilst other works definitely wouldn't.
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