Cthulhu.Science
Well-Known Member
- Joined
- Jan 30, 2023
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Info -- Last year I started a blog about science from science fiction that is becoming science fact. The post subjects go a little broad, but that's the idea. It's focused on Lovecraft, but not exclusively. I thought short takes with links to scientific papers would be great. But I find myself unable to find my format.
My short forms don't feel like enough to me. And the long form results in multiple references and may be too involved.
Help me find a happy place.
So here are two versions of the same post
Short Form
________________________________________________________________________
The Phases of Water
Fig. 1: Schematic phase diagram of crystalline ice phases inspired by Bartels-Rausch et al. Salzmann et al. and Huang et al.
In primary school we all learn about the three phases of water – Ice, water, vapor. Of course we were not told the whole story. Scientists have been on the everlasting hunt for new ice Phases. Apparently we have been very fortunate. Ice-IX was developed about the time that Kurt Vonnegut published Cat’s Cradle.
And now, at Ice XIX we await the results from the discovery of the newest phase-state of water.
New, longer form
Should we fear ICE-IX?
In 1963 Kurt Vonnegut published Cat’s Cradle, introducing the world to ICE-IX and the idea that scientists were madly searching for ways to reorganize the Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms in water molecules. In the story the goal was to find an ice that wouldn’t melt at normal temperatures so that a military general might throw a sample into the mud and freeze the ground to drive tanks over.
In fact, ICE-IX does exist; it was discovered in 1968 and exits under high pressure as a tetragonal crystal lattice but without the properties of Vonnegut’s ice-nine. It forms by cooling Ice III; it has an identical structure to Ice III other than being hydrogen-ordered. (1)
In Cat’s Cradle ICE-IX had a melting point of 114 degrees F (46 c). The 1968 ICE-IX was super cooled. Then Harvard got involved. As published in 2007:
A form of Vonnegut’s Ice-IX was “created” by Harvard researchers recently through a computer simulation that shows how it might be possible for water to remain frozen at body temperature. They showed how a layer of diamond, coated with sodium atoms, kept water frozen indefinitely at up to 108 degrees Fahrenheit. The technique only works on a very thin layer of water—a few molecules thick—to successfully keep the ice structure intact. (2) (3)
Naturally we are assured that this is just a computer model. And the super-hot ice will remain a microscopic layer when it is successfully created.
And then there is ICE-VII, created in 2017 at Stanford University.
… there is an exotic form of ice dubbed "ice VII" that physicists can create in the laboratory. It's harmless in terrestrial conditions. But on an ocean world like Jupiter's moon, Europa, it could behave just like Ice-Nine under the right conditions, freezing an entire world within hours…
Our work shows that ice-VII forms in a very unusual way—by popping into existence in tiny clusters of about 100 molecules and then growing extremely fast, at over 1,000 miles per hour," (4)
Not to worry, they tell us, unless you currently live on or plan to visit a far-away world.
So the scientific investigation continues. January 4, 2021 saw the report of ICE-XVII (5). May 26, 2021 saw the publication of ICE XIX (6).
And to what end we might ask. Nobody seems to have a clear answer to that. So far, the earth hasn’t frozen over, and the labs assure us that they are not playing with proverbial fire?
(1) Vonnegut’s Ice-Nine and Superionic Ice
(2) Vonnegut’s Ice-Nine and Superionic Ice
(3) https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/...d=DE265C41564A2D20E52DD3409D11D32E?sequence=1
(4) Weird water phase “ice-VII” can grow as fast as 1,000 miles per hour
(5) Novel Science: What's cooler than being cool? Ice-nine. - Scienceline.
(6) The everlasting hunt for new ice phases - Nature Communications
My short forms don't feel like enough to me. And the long form results in multiple references and may be too involved.
Help me find a happy place.
So here are two versions of the same post
Short Form
________________________________________________________________________
The Phases of Water
Fig. 1: Schematic phase diagram of crystalline ice phases inspired by Bartels-Rausch et al. Salzmann et al. and Huang et al.
In primary school we all learn about the three phases of water – Ice, water, vapor. Of course we were not told the whole story. Scientists have been on the everlasting hunt for new ice Phases. Apparently we have been very fortunate. Ice-IX was developed about the time that Kurt Vonnegut published Cat’s Cradle.
And now, at Ice XIX we await the results from the discovery of the newest phase-state of water.
New, longer form
Should we fear ICE-IX?
In 1963 Kurt Vonnegut published Cat’s Cradle, introducing the world to ICE-IX and the idea that scientists were madly searching for ways to reorganize the Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms in water molecules. In the story the goal was to find an ice that wouldn’t melt at normal temperatures so that a military general might throw a sample into the mud and freeze the ground to drive tanks over.
In fact, ICE-IX does exist; it was discovered in 1968 and exits under high pressure as a tetragonal crystal lattice but without the properties of Vonnegut’s ice-nine. It forms by cooling Ice III; it has an identical structure to Ice III other than being hydrogen-ordered. (1)
In Cat’s Cradle ICE-IX had a melting point of 114 degrees F (46 c). The 1968 ICE-IX was super cooled. Then Harvard got involved. As published in 2007:
A form of Vonnegut’s Ice-IX was “created” by Harvard researchers recently through a computer simulation that shows how it might be possible for water to remain frozen at body temperature. They showed how a layer of diamond, coated with sodium atoms, kept water frozen indefinitely at up to 108 degrees Fahrenheit. The technique only works on a very thin layer of water—a few molecules thick—to successfully keep the ice structure intact. (2) (3)
Naturally we are assured that this is just a computer model. And the super-hot ice will remain a microscopic layer when it is successfully created.
And then there is ICE-VII, created in 2017 at Stanford University.
… there is an exotic form of ice dubbed "ice VII" that physicists can create in the laboratory. It's harmless in terrestrial conditions. But on an ocean world like Jupiter's moon, Europa, it could behave just like Ice-Nine under the right conditions, freezing an entire world within hours…
Our work shows that ice-VII forms in a very unusual way—by popping into existence in tiny clusters of about 100 molecules and then growing extremely fast, at over 1,000 miles per hour," (4)
Not to worry, they tell us, unless you currently live on or plan to visit a far-away world.
So the scientific investigation continues. January 4, 2021 saw the report of ICE-XVII (5). May 26, 2021 saw the publication of ICE XIX (6).
And to what end we might ask. Nobody seems to have a clear answer to that. So far, the earth hasn’t frozen over, and the labs assure us that they are not playing with proverbial fire?
(1) Vonnegut’s Ice-Nine and Superionic Ice
(2) Vonnegut’s Ice-Nine and Superionic Ice
(3) https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/...d=DE265C41564A2D20E52DD3409D11D32E?sequence=1
(4) Weird water phase “ice-VII” can grow as fast as 1,000 miles per hour
(5) Novel Science: What's cooler than being cool? Ice-nine. - Scienceline.
(6) The everlasting hunt for new ice phases - Nature Communications