When considering the hazards of mercury, soluble mercury compounds and metallic mercury are very different. Mercury can enter the body through the lungs, through the skin, and via the digestive system. The absorption of mercury vapor by the lungs is an efficient process, but it is difficult to acquire dangerous amounts of metallic mercury by the other routes. Ingestion of soluble mercury compounds produces acute mercury poisoning, but is very easy to avoid and rare. Usually, mistaking mercuric chloride pills for something harmless is the cause (see below). The kidneys contain a protein, metallothionein, that binds mercury tightly until it is excreted. Mercury in the blood has a half-life of only three days, but tissue mercury has a half-life of perhaps 90 days. Small amounts of mercury, therefore, are efficiently excreted and cause no harm. This information is from the Handbook of Laboratory Safety (2000). Some earlier sources claim that mercury is a cumulative poison, but it apparently is not. The kidneys, however, can be overloaded and symptoms of mercury poisoning will then result. The mercuric ion Hg++ attacks the kidneys and can result in fatal kidney failure. Acute mercury poisoning is, however, a small risk and easily avoided. Mercury passes through the placenta in acute mercury poisioning, and so is a hazard to the fetus. Whether there is any danger in cases of the usual concentration of environmental mercury (as in fish) may be doubted.