I think there will be a world war in the future but hopefully, missile defense technology will prevail over nukes.After the world war, humans will concentrate on rebuilding and expanding. I envision a future where Earth is overcrowded so human build huge floating cities and start mining the resources on the ocean floor.As for the energy problem, fossil fuels will last for several more decades. I envision a future where every city has fusion reactors powering them.
It depends how far ahead one wants to look.
The simplest methodology is to extrapolate current trends. However, there is always something left field, the prevalence of communication technology is something largely unforseen by earlier generations of sci-fi writers.
So an extrapolation, say a hundred years might be:
1. In-built communication systems, machine mind interfaces. (We're already seeing very simple versions of this.)
2. Very extended life spans as gene and medical technology advances, and the mechanisms of aging become better understood, perhaps we might even switch them off.
3. Non-polluting cars/planes probably based on hydrogen. Very fast planes, 5 hours to Australia.
4. Fusion power.
5. Stable human population at around 10 billion.
6. A relatively peaceful world based on the co-operation of four great powers, USA, European Union, China and India.
7. Unfortunately not much in near earth space, a moonbase, a few orbital hotels. Perhaps with new cheaper stronger materials we'll be building or planning a space elevator, which is the true gate way to our solar system.
Generally I think it will be pretty positive.
"How long can the world's natural resources sustain 10 billion people? The oceans will be fished clean. The soil will be farmed dry. The rivers' water will be exhausted. The earth's mineral wealth will be stripped." Sarakoth.
That's a fairly Malthusian response that assumes technology will not advance in the next one hundred years.
As for natural resources (in the next 100 years), well power is not a problem, metal is not a problem, gas is not a problem, coal is not a problem. Known reserves (without new discovery, or better tech is estimated in hundreds of years). Oil will probably be a problem.
Fresh water: unfortunately fresh water will probably be a problem for poor countries. For industrialised countries you might need desalination plants.
I think the problem is more likely to come from the macro increase in human consumption of resoruces and power, and the consequent
pollution issues.
But then the question is "what do you hope for" not "what do you fear will happen"
It depends on how efficiently matter is recycled.
I think, however, that our most critical resource will be clean, fresh water.
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