I've read that there were several inspirations but (I'm going with other writers here)
Hell in the Pacific seemed to be the primary one.
Quote: Review by Nicholas Whyte
"Unlike in either version of
"Arena", however, the human and alien are not doomed to fight to the death. Instead, they are forced to combine forces against their harsh environment. Again, this seems likely to have a source from a late 1960s screenplay, this time the 1968 John Boorman film
Hell in the Pacific, which starred Lee Marvin and Toshirô Mifune as two WW2 pilots, one American and one Japanese, crashed on a Pacific island, who have to co-operate to survive. (Oddly enough there may be a precedent in another 1940s sf story, A.E. van Vogt's
"Co-operate - or else!", collected in
The War Against The Rull. Information on this point welcomed.
[Note added January 2003: I tracked down The War Against The Rull and it seems rather different - the human and his unlikely partner are very different in size and ability, and united in their desire to evade the very present Rull, rather than equally matched and marooned far from anywhere.]) "
John Kenneth Muir's Reflections on Film/TV: CULT MOVIE REVIEW: Enemy Mine (1985)
Quote from review at:
Moria - The science fiction, horror and fantasy movie review site - Enemy Mine
"But seeing the final result one wonders if the effort was worth it. Certainly it was not the breakthrough sf film that everybody hoped it would be and did only mediocre box-office business. The film is really a remake of John Boorman’s
Hell in the Pacific (1968) set in space.
Hell in the Pacific had Lee Marvin and Toshiro Mifune as American and Japanese pilots stranded on an island in the Pacific during World War II. And, despite its sf settings,
Enemy Mine can’t seem to imagine much beyond being a version of
Hell in the Pacific with funny rubber masks. For all the breakaway vision the film promised, it is banally unimaginative as sf. The Drac is presented with the interesting ability to impregnate itself but, for all Petersen and screenwriter Edward Khmara could care about showing its different socio-behavioural background, it had might as well be a Japanese pilot. It seems sad when you buy up a story that won the sf community’s two major award and then throw all the sf out."
So, I know it was a Novella, but I went with these. i've seen both films and I agreed, that's all. Maybe the use of the word "remake" was a bit strong, but I'm not the only one who did.
My point however which I don't want to get lost is, that it was a good idea, but done somewhat poorly. We see that a lot in Science Fiction and Fantasy films.