I do think it has one (quite common) overall problem. That's just jumping into the story or the "big deal" straight-off; no scene setting, no introducing the characters first, etc.
I think lots of people do this -- obviously you're excited about your story and want to jump straight in.
Me - I do this. It is a comment I had on my crit so this interests me.
Many writing advice gurus tell us to 'get in as late as possible' - to open the story with the hook/the bang. I'm sure if we start by introducing the characters etc then we would be slated for a boring start?! Obviously there must be some happy middle-ground here but when we get such conflicting advice, it makes my head hurt!! Is this just a matter of taste do you think?
I can only talk for myself not any writing gurus, but for me it rather depends on the story. To my mind starting at the point where everything changes for the protagonist is vital, ie the call to arms, the jump into the future, and everything I've read from professionals -- writers, agents and publishers -- says the same. But I don't think that necessarily has to mean the inciting event has to come in the very first paragraph, let alone the very first sentence. A thriller can certainly open with the leap into the taxi or the bomb exploding, because that's the point of a thriller. A novel which is about people -- especially a book about one particular person -- doesn't require the actual bang in the first line. But it must have a hooky opening and the promise of the bang coming very quickly hereafter.
I hope Jackie will forgive me if I've misunderstood, but I got the impression this is a story about the plague, not Grace, and indeed this is only a prologue showing the first news of the plague deaths. If that is the case, then to my mind there's little point in giving extensive detail about her and her life since she is presumably going to be dead when the story actually starts in the post-apocalyptic world of Chapter One. If, though, Grace or her children are in fact at the heart of the novel, then it might be different, and some little scene setting might be in order to show what is lost. Though personally I'd try and bring the greater part of that into play after the opening paragraphs.
For you, Alex, I don't think anyone was suggesting you write an entire chapter about Charlie and her life and work, it was simply the sudden time jump gave us no time (ha!) to have a feel for what she was doing, and the actual transition from present to the past was, if you'll pardon my saying so, a tad clumsy in its execution, so reading it was confusing. An intervening paragraph showing the others and the surroundings and what she is doing and perhaps why would have helped no end -- basically just an extension of your opening para but with more detail, perhaps another hundred words or so -- and then the clear jump would have resolved a good few of the issues, I think.
Basically, the opening line has to hook. The inciting event has to happen quickly. The gap between the two depends on style, plot, character and story type.