On critiquing, for me this is the best method of learning. I have probably learned more in the last few months, since I started going thigh the critique threads here on Chrons, than I did for the first two (teaching was a little better in the third year) of my uni course. As Teresa said, I was being forced to put into words exactly what I knew instinctively or felt, something which I still find very difficult, but am much better at it. And this translates brilliantly to my own work, and to critiquing in workshops on the course.
On research, my MA, which I'm just over halfway through, had a whole module on it, and production of a piece based solely on this research. Until then though, it wasn't really mentioned. But I think anyone who reads anything is building up a storehouse of research they can draw on. And not just books, I love history programmes and quiz programmes, and science etc. All of them give facts and information that is pertinent to something I might write in the future.
On reading to write. I'm not so sure about this one. I have been writing since I was a kid, and while I loved books, I think the first book I read properly was Eragon at around 15 or so (before that I had read the hobbit when I was much younger, but I don't really remember it, I think it was more a trophy because it was my first library rental). There may have been a few others, (I remember being so excited when I read thenfirst page of a goosebumps, it took me so long to read that page, it's just a shame I didn't know that the copywrite page isn't actually part or the text!) but nothing standout, and not really anything that wasn't a school assignment.
Between Eragon and my uni starting, 8 years or so, I read probably around 15 books, if I'm being generous. And it was around eragon that I started writing, and a year or two before uni that I started getting serious, and I think this latter period I wasn't bad. I know I'm much better now, than then, but I don't think that's through reading that I have done since. Uni had me reading maybe anoer 20-30 books over the three years (It was a combined lit course) and last year, since discovering audio books and having 8 hours a day at work to listen to them, I have devoured many of the classics, churning through about 70 books since July.
So, my writing, I don't put down to being well read. I could blag my way through a conversation about Moby dick or Dante or Verne, and sound like i knew what i was talking about, but I'd never read them, until a few months ago. I came to these books when I could appreciate and enjoy them and I took so much more away from them than I would have ten has ago or so. I think people need to find books when they are ready for them. That's not to say children shouldn't read, but read appropriately. GCSE for example shouldn't set big literary staples for their students to read, because a lot of them won't take anything away from it, and perhaps even turn them away from an author, a genre, or god forbid, books themselves. Pre-Eragon, they set for me and my class, Kazuo Ishiguro's remains of the day. I actually read it and I hated it. It bored me more than anything, I couldn't figure out why there was a whole chapter about how he polished spoons. I still haven't gone back to it, and I have touched anything written by him since. I woud like to read it again, but that's just curiosity, about if I missed something (which I'm sure I did) rather than a desire to read it because I know it made me feel bored. There are other examples of this. Books that I just wasn't ready to read at the time.
I'm kinda getting off topic a little, but my point is at these books, or the lack of books didn't really have any bearing on my writing. Quite the opposite, i beleive im only ready for these books now becasue of my writing. Without the desire to look deeper into a text to find out what makes it tick, i woud miss much of what the book was about, as im sure i did in the ishiguro example. I am almost certain at I would only read books for their surface text, not really get into character, or deeper meaning, and is probably a lot of the reason why I started out writing in fantasy, and have developed as a writer to begin to at least explore other genres, even if the fantasy element remains in some form.
To come full circle, What helped my writing, was the critiquing, the seeing reasons why people did something, or why something didn't work, and examples of what would work (I work a thousand times better with examples of something done 'right' than I do with being told something is wrong). The ideas in schools that we need to learns all about the themes and grand literary theories is all very academic, and I think the wrong frame of mind for something as creative and artistic as creative writing. Bouncing ideas off of people, discussions about character and scene description, about technicalities of dialogue. These are the things that people should have the option of being taught. But as it is now, at least in my experience, our schooling only seems to cultivate literature, and literary students. So it really is no surprise that people who choose to do a creative writing course with this teacher, haven't had the full experience of what creative writing is.
I'm sure I had some central theme or topic I was going to mention, but my rambling post spagghettied around too much and I lost it...