Does Science Fiction have an equivalent to Fantasy's LotR as a trend setter?

Navigation Tables of Pulsars, Log tables etc, Slide Rules.

Post Computer age SF without computers and Interstellar Travel without Computers:
Dune series (start 1965) Might have read all the ones Herbert himself wrote and maybe one later title. They deliberately destroyed and banned computers.
Engine of Light Series (2000) I've read five of Ken Macleod's books, not reading any more. Navigation calculated by hand in the keep over several generations.

That is why SF can't be reasonably evaluated without considering the publication date. The date of writing would be better as in the case of the Skylark of Space. They needed a computer to land on the Moon.


Trending in SF is different from trending in fantasy.

psik
 
They needed a computer to land on the Moon.
Though similar power to an early programmable calculator.

I must try landing the Eagle by slide rule!

The V2 rocket had some kind of flight computer powered by peroxide.
Early on, it was believed that the V-2 employed some form of radio guidance, a belief that persisted in spite of several rockets being examined without discovering anything like a radio receiver. This led to efforts to jam this non-existent guidance system as early as September 1944, using both ground and air-based jammers flying over the UK. In October a group had been sent to jam the missiles during launch. By December it was clear these systems were having no obvious effect, and jamming efforts ended
The Dutch suffered them as well as English. But sadly about 10x as many people died making them.

V1 autopilot http://www.museumofworldwarii.com/images/virtualtour/03Autopilotlge.gif

Early German World War II V2 guidance systems combined two gyroscopes and a lateral accelerometer with a simple analog computer to adjust the azimuth for the rocket in flight. Analog computer signals were used to drive four graphite rudders in the rocket exhaust for flight control. The GN&C (Guidance, Navigation, and Control) system for V2 provided many innovations as an integrated platform with closed loop guidance.
If the digital programmed computer hadn't existed, the parameters for such an analogue computer with gyroscopes and accellerometer could have been calculated before final landing.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-2_rocket#Technical_details

Early satellite launches and ICBMs essentially used the V2 design concepts, including inertial guidance. In space it's simpler. A terrestrial inertial guidance platform has to take account of earth gravity and rotation.

http://www.allworldwars.com/image/102/A4-9.jpg
http://www.allworldwars.com/Technical-Data-on-the-Development-of-the-A4.html

http://www.expertreviews.co.uk/tech...technical-innovations-of-world-war-2/page/0/3

A compass doesn't work in space, though there is a natural (?) network of beacons in the Galaxy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_navigation_system
 
Navigation Tables of Pulsars, Log tables etc, Slide Rules.

Post Computer age SF without computers and Interstellar Travel without Computers:
Dune series (start 1965) Might have read all the ones Herbert himself wrote and maybe one later title. They deliberately destroyed and banned computers.
Engine of Light Series (2000) I've read five of Ken Macleod's books, not reading any more. Navigation calculated by hand in the keep over several generations.

Slide rules are mentioned in many older stories. I must replace the one I used to have. Batteries for my calculator might be awkward after the apocalypse. Though actually I know how to make primary and secondary cells, the batteries can live outside the case. I also know how to make a dynamo that can be operated by wind, stream water or tide. Solar electricity panels are too high tech, but water heating is possible.

Of course perhaps Hyperspace doesn't exist, perhaps there is no way to travel the stars other than a Generation Ship.
Dune is not the best example here, since we know that they had sophisticated computers, but that they were outlawed.I was rather surprised by that fact myself when I first heard the backstory, from a gaming magazine dealing with one of the Westwood RTS games in that universe.
Asimov had grey matter computing in several of his books, The Stars like Dust made a pretty strong impression on me for the lack of things like rudimentary calculators.
There is also the Wizard of Linn, in which a post-apocaliptic feudal civilization fought interplanetary wars with bows and arrows because it was still somehow capable of building spaceships powered by atomic engines, and there are many other examples in van Vogt's work of spaceships and other complex technology coexisting with slide rules and pencil and paper computation.
And wasn't the fusion-powered ship from E. E. Doc Smith's Skylark pretty much lacking in any means of computerized astrogation?

However we must not forget the various complex computers that appeared in Golden Age scifi, like the A.I. from A Loic named Joe, the robots and other computational apparatus in Asimov's and Simak's work, and the computer from Smith's Norstrilia.That last one also predicted the emergence automated HST and of flash crashes, sadly we do not have an Instrumentality to regulate those;)

Finally I would like to impart one of my own observation regarding the lack of technology in older science fiction stories, the fact that more often and more often I am wondering why the characters lack cell phones:D
Whenever somebody mentions that they need to contact somebody in an older story the first thing that usually pops into my minds is a question.
namely "Where are their cell phones"?
With techno-thrillers written in the early to mid-90s and dealing with events in the near future the question can get quite annoying, as it did while i was reading Edward M. Lerner's Probe.
 
James, when I was a kid in the 60's several of the S.F. novels I read back then did have what were called "Coms" or "Comm Units." Which I would understand to be the equivalent of cell phones. I remember one scene where one of the main characters steals a space plane and while he ignores the government radio transmissions as leaves earth he takes a call on his "personal comm" and comments that he wonders why no one had ever thought of this way of communicating with him in the ship before.
 
With respect, Software is nothing like Neuromancer or indeed any cyberpunk - it's essentially about philosophy.
I will have to disagree here, you have your evil corrupt government and corporations, your down on their luck anti-hero protagonist, and a revolution in computing and information technology.
It has all of the essential building blocks of cyberpunk, it is a lot more technically accurate, and overall is the batter book.
In fact I think that Rucker is far more important than Gibson.
 
It's more like an incompetent goofball government. The protagonist is kind of an old post-hippy and not a young "punk." I'll grant the computing. But the idea that Rucker is "far more important" than Gibson - in an objective "influenced most people" sense is not at all defensible. In a "quality and intellectual content" sense, maybe, but Sterling is more important than both put together in that sense. And Software came out "years" before Neuromancer only in the most literal sense: two years. But "Johnny Mnemonic" came out the year before Software and "Burning Chrome" the same year as Software. But then again, Rucker had published a fragment of a novel and one story by 1980 (though I don't know how relevant the story was and the novel wasn't especially cyberpunkish. And then again-again, Gibson had published a story by 1977. And Sterling had published a story and novel by 1976 (though, again, not especially relevant). Talking priority isn't especially useful with a bunch of people who basically knew each other and were contemporaries and were just part of something in the air.

That is the funny thing about cyberpunk, though. I've said this before but I love the editorial comment (forget who said it) about how "it takes more than two people to make a movement." Mirrorshades (1986) includes Bruce Sterling, William Gibson, Tom Maddox, Pat Cadigan, Rudy Rucker, Marc Laidlaw, James Patrick Kelly, Greg Bear, Lewis Shiner, John Shirley, and Paul diFilippo. Paul di Filippo was so new that he's already basically "post-cyberpunk" (and tried to invent "ribofunk" years later), John Shirley (speaking of hugely influential people that the general public is insufficiently aware of) was proto-cyberpunk, having been publishing since the early 70s and being far more "punk" than all the rest put together. Lewis Shiner was only fitfully cyberpunk and, like Maddox and Laidlaw, did not have a career that really sustained its start. (Laidlaw now does military SF for Baen, I think - no clue what Maddox is doing.) Greg Bear is as pure-quill old-school SF as you can get - being Poul Anderson's son-in-law is actually symbolically significant. James Patrick Kelly (like Michael Swanwick with Vacuum Flowers (1987)) wrote an extremely cyberpunkish story sequence but was as "Humanist" as you could get. Rudy Rucker was a gonzo metaphysical mathematician. Pat Cadigan had yet to publish a novel (her first "novel" (1987) was a fixup and tangentially cyberpunk but her later novels (1991+) are determinedly cyberpunk) and her short fiction involved old ladies meeting aliens and magical entities as well as the occasional "Pretty Boy Crossover" and (included in the anthology) "Rock On."

So, yeah, that's true original cyberpunk: Bruce Sterling and William Gibson. Bruce Sterling's fiction (beginning with the post-Delanyesque but embryonically cyberpunk The Artificial Kid (1980) and the Shaper/Mechanist stories (1982+) and Gibson's were turned into a movement by Bruce Sterling's non-fiction (Cheap Truth, etc.) and Bruce Sterling's anthology "proved" it was even a large movement. ;)

To wind back around to the topic: either way, we again see a lot of people and a lot of works and a lot of history and not any one big moment of a single "trendsetter."
 
It's more like an incompetent goofball government. The protagonist is kind of an old post-hippy and not a young "punk." I'll grant the computing. But the idea that Rucker is "far more important" than Gibson - in an objective "influenced most people" sense is not at all defensible. In a "quality and intellectual content" sense, maybe, but Sterling is more important than both put together in that sense. And Software came out "years" before Neuromancer only in the most literal sense: two years. But "Johnny Mnemonic" came out the year before Software and "Burning Chrome" the same year as Software. But then again, Rucker had published a fragment of a novel and one story by 1980 (though I don't know how relevant the story was and the novel wasn't especially cyberpunkish. And then again-again, Gibson had published a story by 1977. And Sterling had published a story and novel by 1976 (though, again, not especially relevant). Talking priority isn't especially useful with a bunch of people who basically knew each other and were contemporaries and were just part of something in the air.

That is the funny thing about cyberpunk, though. I've said this before but I love the editorial comment (forget who said it) about how "it takes more than two people to make a movement." Mirrorshades (1986) includes Bruce Sterling, William Gibson, Tom Maddox, Pat Cadigan, Rudy Rucker, Marc Laidlaw, James Patrick Kelly, Greg Bear, Lewis Shiner, John Shirley, and Paul diFilippo. Paul di Filippo was so new that he's already basically "post-cyberpunk" (and tried to invent "ribofunk" years later), John Shirley (speaking of hugely influential people that the general public is insufficiently aware of) was proto-cyberpunk, having been publishing since the early 70s and being far more "punk" than all the rest put together. Lewis Shiner was only fitfully cyberpunk and, like Maddox and Laidlaw, did not have a career that really sustained its start. (Laidlaw now does military SF for Baen, I think - no clue what Maddox is doing.) Greg Bear is as pure-quill old-school SF as you can get - being Poul Anderson's son-in-law is actually symbolically significant. James Patrick Kelly (like Michael Swanwick with Vacuum Flowers (1987)) wrote an extremely cyberpunkish story sequence but was as "Humanist" as you could get. Rudy Rucker was a gonzo metaphysical mathematician. Pat Cadigan had yet to publish a novel (her first "novel" (1987) was a fixup and tangentially cyberpunk but her later novels (1991+) are determinedly cyberpunk) and her short fiction involved old ladies meeting aliens and magical entities as well as the occasional "Pretty Boy Crossover" and (included in the anthology) "Rock On."

So, yeah, that's true original cyberpunk: Bruce Sterling and William Gibson. Bruce Sterling's fiction (beginning with the post-Delanyesque but embryonically cyberpunk The Artificial Kid (1980) and the Shaper/Mechanist stories (1982+) and Gibson's were turned into a movement by Bruce Sterling's non-fiction (Cheap Truth, etc.) and Bruce Sterling's anthology "proved" it was even a large movement. ;)

To wind back around to the topic: either way, we again see a lot of people and a lot of works and a lot of history and not any one big moment of a single "trendsetter."
Say whatever you will, Gibson did not invent the genre, and there far more memorable and superior works that came out before he published Neuromancer with all the same tropes and ideas that prevalent in cyberpunk.
The aged hippies of Software were the young radicals and punks of earlier generations, and as you might remember Cobb Anderson committed his greatest "cybercrime" long before the point in time at which the novel takes place.
 
Say whatever you will, Gibson did not invent the genre, and there far more memorable and superior works that came out before he published Neuromancer with all the same tropes and ideas that prevalent in cyberpunk.

Oh, I agree - I just certainly wouldn't shift the locus to Rucker and Software, either. ;) And while Gibson's about my fifth favorite "cyberpunk" I wouldn't take everything away from him. As I say, a lot of the ideas in Neuromancer can be found earlier elsewhere, of course, but some of those "elsewheres" are in Gibson's own short fiction.

Stray thought - sorry for digression - but the idea that someone's going to come along and create something totally new without precedent and it will have a positive impact often puts me in mind of that scene - ah, found it: the guitar scene in Back to the Future. It's on the eve of rock'n'roll but they generally don't know anything about it yet and 80s Guy goes back and jams. They're a little confused at first but get into it when he shows them something they haven't seen before but the time is right for, based on something somewhat familiar. And then they fail to understand the madman as he advances too far, too fast. (You must comprehend Pete Townshend, Jimi Hendrix, Eddie Van Halen, etc., first, for instance.) It'd be nice if we could just skip the state of the art ahead 30 years in 30 seconds but it almost never works because people just won't get it even if you can do it. Everything's built on everything else and it evolves. And the kids just love it. :)
 
It's more like an incompetent goofball government. The protagonist is kind of an old post-hippy and not a young "punk." I'll grant the computing. But the idea that Rucker is "far more important" than Gibson - in an objective "influenced most people" sense is not at all defensible. In a "quality and intellectual content" sense, maybe, but Sterling is more important than both put together in that sense. And Software came out "years" before Neuromancer only in the most literal sense: two years. But "Johnny Mnemonic" came out the year before Software and "Burning Chrome" the same year as Software. But then again, Rucker had published a fragment of a novel and one story by 1980 (though I don't know how relevant the story was and the novel wasn't especially cyberpunkish. And then again-again, Gibson had published a story by 1977. And Sterling had published a story and novel by 1976 (though, again, not especially relevant). Talking priority isn't especially useful with a bunch of people who basically knew each other and were contemporaries and were just part of something in the air.

That is the funny thing about cyberpunk, though. I've said this before but I love the editorial comment (forget who said it) about how "it takes more than two people to make a movement." Mirrorshades (1986) includes Bruce Sterling, William Gibson, Tom Maddox, Pat Cadigan, Rudy Rucker, Marc Laidlaw, James Patrick Kelly, Greg Bear, Lewis Shiner, John Shirley, and Paul diFilippo. Paul di Filippo was so new that he's already basically "post-cyberpunk" (and tried to invent "ribofunk" years later), John Shirley (speaking of hugely influential people that the general public is insufficiently aware of) was proto-cyberpunk, having been publishing since the early 70s and being far more "punk" than all the rest put together. Lewis Shiner was only fitfully cyberpunk and, like Maddox and Laidlaw, did not have a career that really sustained its start. (Laidlaw now does military SF for Baen, I think - no clue what Maddox is doing.) Greg Bear is as pure-quill old-school SF as you can get - being Poul Anderson's son-in-law is actually symbolically significant. James Patrick Kelly (like Michael Swanwick with Vacuum Flowers (1987)) wrote an extremely cyberpunkish story sequence but was as "Humanist" as you could get. Rudy Rucker was a gonzo metaphysical mathematician. Pat Cadigan had yet to publish a novel (her first "novel" (1987) was a fixup and tangentially cyberpunk but her later novels (1991+) are determinedly cyberpunk) and her short fiction involved old ladies meeting aliens and magical entities as well as the occasional "Pretty Boy Crossover" and (included in the anthology) "Rock On."

So, yeah, that's true original cyberpunk: Bruce Sterling and William Gibson. Bruce Sterling's fiction (beginning with the post-Delanyesque but embryonically cyberpunk The Artificial Kid (1980) and the Shaper/Mechanist stories (1982+) and Gibson's were turned into a movement by Bruce Sterling's non-fiction (Cheap Truth, etc.) and Bruce Sterling's anthology "proved" it was even a large movement. ;)

To wind back around to the topic: either way, we again see a lot of people and a lot of works and a lot of history and not any one big moment of a single "trendsetter."

QFT.

It's really in "Johnny Mnemonic" and "Burning Chrome" where Gibson does the bulk of his innovating. Neuromancer is essentially an elaboration on the ideas presented in these stories, and the work that--more than any other--impacted SF writ large. But if we are talking "origin stories" here (and I'm not entirely sure why we are), then it's the short stories that should be considered.

...also, sorry to derail, but since you brought up Mindplayers, I've come around to thinking of it as an early example of postcyberpunk. Oh, and it was great on re-read--better than I remember in fact.
 
I will have to disagree here, you have your evil corrupt government and corporations, your down on their luck anti-hero protagonist, and a revolution in computing and information technology.
It has all of the essential building blocks of cyberpunk, it is a lot more technically accurate, and overall is the batter book.
In fact I think that Rucker is far more important than Gibson.

I think we might have read different books then! :) My feeling about Software is that Rucker was only interested in the philosophical games he played. Great book, really great book - but no trendsetter.
 
I've always found it curious that one creative work or moment can spawn an entire genre. It happens a lot in music. A couple of classic Tangerine Dream albums from '74 & '75 and you have the entire Berlin School. Black Sabbath inventing heavy metal. And so on... Maybe there is something to this "zeitgeist" notion...
 
I think we might have read different books then! :) My feeling about Software is that Rucker was only interested in the philosophical games he played. Great book, really great book - but no trendsetter.
Um, no.
The philosophical aspects of the various new technologies that usually drive a major portion of the plot are important to cyberpunk, just as the various psychic phenomena and strange aliens were important for the new wave science fiction from which a lot of cyberpunk spawned.
 
Because it's interesting?

Is it? Finding "year zero" for anything always seems a bit futile, to be honest, because there's always an antecedent. Plus I've never really understood the point of the "well this came first so it's what really matters" arguments that seem to inevitably spring forth. Take Tolkein--the subject of this thread. He is in no way, shape or form the first fantasy author, but he is clearly the most influential. And if we are talking about cyberpunk, Neuromancer--also not the first example of the style--had the broadest impact on the field of SF, and arguably altered the landscape in ways no other work did (or arguably has since).
 
I think that identifying a founding story for modern SF is impossible; it is much too diverse. However, some of the tropes work themselves into even the stories of which they aren't a very important part - cyberpunk-style machine interfaces seem to be pretty much a given, for example.

Transhumanism is another important thread, but it's very difficult to do well and sometimes goes too far unless it's basically a background that nobody takes much notice of. Contrast the Culture universe and Orion's Arm for an example of what I mean, although OA does have some fascinating ideas.
 
Is it? Finding "year zero" for anything always seems a bit futile, to be honest, because there's always an antecedent. Plus I've never really understood the point of the "well this came first so it's what really matters" arguments that seem to inevitably spring forth. Take Tolkein--the subject of this thread. He is in no way, shape or form the first fantasy author, but he is clearly the most influential. And if we are talking about cyberpunk, Neuromancer--also not the first example of the style--had the broadest impact on the field of SF, and arguably altered the landscape in ways no other work did (or arguably has since).
All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others.
Some books are important because they are the first to collect in themselves a number of ideas that are part of the proto-subgenre, and then to gain enough prominence as to catalyse the appearance of the genre proper.
Others are full of great ideas, or have just one relevant central idea, but do not get the necessary recognition.And even then they might be important because the had some behind the scenes influence on the genre.
 
"well this came first so it's what really matters" arguments
I agree that's pointless.
It's the discussion and argument of what different books were about or what group they might have belonged too or what defined the group, or if the book is fun to read in some fashion.

A lot of Fantasy is just entertainment, which I like. A lot of more recent years (10? 20?) SF and newer SF authors seems too ideological to enjoy.
 
I agree that's pointless.
It's the discussion and argument of what different books were about or what group they might have belonged too or what defined the group, or if the book is fun to read in some fashion.

A lot of Fantasy is just entertainment, which I like. A lot of more recent years (10? 20?) SF and newer SF authors seems too ideological to enjoy.
I think we covered the ideology bits in other threads, no need to mix politics with fiction here;)

The real problems for science fiction right now are that there are too many lame derivative writers who are out of touch with the readership, that the number of sceince fiction books and stories published ans sold each year has declined, and that a lot of writers and editors are too focused on producing "high class literature" that does not appeal to the general public and that is pretty shallow compared to the original works from which it was derived.
There are too many massive doorstops and multi-book series and not enough new characters and new entertaining plots.
Martin, Hamilton, Simmons, Bujold, Weber, are all known for producing series of doorstops that just become stale and repetitive.

We need a balance, between those that want art and originality for the sake of art and originality, and those that wish to stuff multi-volume 10 000 page money minting schemes down our throats.
We need more shorter books with ideas and compelling characters that have nothing to do with the writer's previous works.

And we need more decent short stories and short story anthologies, because those are the things that usually bring in new readers and writers into the genre.
 
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There are too many massive doorstops and multi-book series and not enough new characters and new entertaining plots.
Martin, Hamilton, Simmons, Bujold, Weber, are all known for producing series of doorstops that just become stale and repetitive.

I would say that about Weber but not about Bujold. I have even seen readers complain about Bujold having Miles get romantically involved and not just keep running around blowing stuff up. Different readers want different things. I recently reread Cryoburn and Captain Vorpatril's Alliance. They didn't seem stale and repetitive. Oddly it seems I think more of Cryoburn than when I first read it.

psik
 

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