This word has become frequent in the past few days since joining in this conversation and I've just a "little tidbit" to add.
Two nights ago, me and my housemates were watching a drunken argument in the street at 1 in the morning that lasted until 4 and this word was shouted A LOT. It didn't phase us, instead made us laugh as he kept repeating it because the word soon lost all meaning and became a joke. Though, the next day, one housemate said something to my other housemate (his girlfriend) and we both misheard him. We looked at each other shocked that he called her that, but he didn't call her anything at all and it was just the way he'd said "like that".
This made me think about the situation vs the shock factor. Watching the argument the night before, the word had little meaning from the start, if it had any at all, but when we misheard our housemate saying it, there was a moment of silent disbelief. It was one of those moments when you kind of confirm what you'd just heard with another person based on their reaction. He'd 'said' it in such a conversational manner we had to address it but I've heard him scream and shout it when he's angry and was never shocked at all.
I never thought about how derogatory this word was to women when we were watching the argument across the road, nor did I interpret it to be sexually harassing or anything related to what the word actually means. It was just a word he'd used in anger. But when my housemate 'said' it, it did become that. It was a light-hearted manner we'd misheard it in and it sounded demeaning, as though it was the norm to use this word against a woman and downgrade her to what this word means. There would be no reason at that time to use this word against her other than absent-mindedly put her down, like a natural instinct.
The point I'm trying to make is how the character saying it would see this word and how the person hearing it would. Does the person using it see it as social norm/acceptable or do they know the impact this word would make and say it for that reason? Is the person insulted/in the presence of the word affected by the word and it's use or does it fly over them just as any other word would?
However, the f-word can be used in pretty much every context and most other swear words, including c and s. Swear words are just in a category ready to pick from and are simply used as an [insert word here]. The function of the word is nothing. If it were taken from the sentence, it wouldn't be missed and is just used to further express an emotion. If this were the case, then the character using it won't be using it just the once.
All of this reminds me of a talk that was given to my class in college a few years ago. A woman from the BBFC (for those unaware, it's the company that decides the age rating of a film in Britain) explained to us how swear words weren't the defining factor, but the use of them. There was a film (I can't remember what exactly, but I think it was the Inbetweener's Movie) that was rated 18 because this word was used twice in two seconds between arguing boys.
"She's a c!"
"Stop calling her a c!"
And that was it, but the nature of how the word was used was what made it an 18. It was funny rather than shocking, and therefore used in a strangely positive way, despite it being an insult. However, there was a film with this word that was rated 15. I don't know the name of it but it featured Cate Blanchett portraying a journalist. In one scene, she asked a man a question that got him angry and he starting hitting her over and over and with every punch, he'd called her a c, so this word was repeated a lot. The nature of the word here is what gave it an age limit of 15, I think because of the impact it made in the film, which was clearly very negative. In the Inbetweeners, it had little impact, but with the other film, it was shocking.
All in all, it doesn't matter how people usually see this word because the way it's written and how it's used by which character in a certain situation will define whether or not the word has an impact. If you have two readers, one who hates this word in any context and one who isn't bothered by it at all, you still want them to both have the same reaction to it.
If you made it this far, have a drink on me. I really didn't expect this to be an essay, my fingers just carried on whilst I've been wanting a cuppa